Here are the exact steps for finding the right spot to pinch

Here are the exact steps for finding the right spot to pinch, and taking an
accurate skinfold with the Accu Measure calipers
1. Holding the Accu measure in your right hand in "pinch-ready" position, reach
   across your body with your left hand and locate the proper skinfold site by
   taking your left index finger and putting it on the top of your right hip bone
   (That's the "Illiac crest). This is the anatomical landmark you must find before
   you take the measurement. Don't just grab randomly without locating the spot
   first - it's extremely important to grab the same place every time. One inch
   up, down, left or right and your measurements will be inconsistent.
2. Leaving your left index finger on the spot, take your left thumb and pinch the
   skinfold firmly between your left thumb and index finger.
3. Without letting go of the skinfold, clamp the caliper onto the middle of the
   skinfold using your right hand. As you close the caliper, the plastic slide-rule
   will move until the point where the Accu measure "clicks" – that's when you
   know your measurement is done. Then, release the caliper jaws and look at the
   calipers to see where the black line on the slide rule is pointing. That number is
   your lliac crest skinfold thickness in millimeters.
4. When you're just starting out, I recommend taking three measurements. If
   they're all the same, (i.e, 13, 13, 13) then your accuracy was good and that's
   your measurement. If they're close, take the average of the three (example,
   14, 13, 13.5 = average of 13.5 mm). If your measurements "all over the map"
   (19 mm, 11 mm, 15 mm), your technique is off and you need some practice!
   Don't give up - keep working at it.
5. Record the SINGLE measurement at the illiac crest once per week. Measure to
   the half of a millimeter: If the black line on the slide rule points to between 12
   and 13, write down 12.5 millimeters as your measurement.
6. You now have your skinfold thickness in millimeters. To translate that number
   into a body fat percentage, look at your skinfold interpretation chart. The chart
   that comes with the Accu measure caliper is fine, but to avoid making the chart
   huge and cumbersome, it only lists skinfolds within a 2 mm range. Therefore
   the original Accu measure chart may over or under estimate your body fat. I
   wanted more precision, so one day, I took it unto myself to crunch some
   numbers and improve the chart. My "expanded" Accu measure skinfold
   interpretation chart has taken the data from the original chart and extrapolated
   it to the half millimeter in skinfold thickness and it gives you a body fat

What Is the Spinal Cord?

What Is the Spinal Cord?
The spinal cord extends from the brain and serves mostly as a relay
station connecting the brain to the rest of the body. For protection, the
human spinal cord is encased by bony vertebrae. The region of the spinal
cord closest to the brain connects the brain to regions of the body in that
proximity. This would include the chest and arms. Moving further down
the spinal cord and away from the brain, you begin to find the intercon-
nections between the central nervous system and the lower portions of
our body, such as our legs. However, because the nerve links extending
from the lower extremities must move through the upper regions of the
spinal cord in order to connect with the brain, damage to the upper
region of the spinal cord will affect the lower as well as the upper areas
of our body. Thus, if damage occurs lower in the spinal cord it may result
in temporary or permanent paralysis of only the lower extremities.
However, if the spinal cord is damaged higher up, it can result in paralysis
of both lower and upper extremities.
   When you would like to move a particular body part, the process (idea)
originates in the brain in a region called the motor cortex. Motor means
movement! Once initiated, the impulse is carried along a linkage of nerve
cells to the skeletal muscle responsible for moving the limb or body part
that is to move. Incredibly the whole process only requires a couple
neurons linked in series connecting the motor cortex of the brain to the
muscle and occurs in a fraction of a second.
   While the motor cortex of our brain is busy sending signals to our
skeletal muscle, signaling it to move, another region of our brain is evalu-
ating and refining the movement. This region is called the cerebellum,
which is behind and lower than the more recognizable parts of the brain.
It is also this region of the brain that is particularly sensitive to the effects
of alcohol and explains why movement becomes less refined when we are
intoxicated.

How Do Molecules Interact with One Another?

How Do Molecules Interact with One Another?
Molecules in our body, or anywhere else in nature, mingle among one
another. And, if things are right, they can interact. When molecules inter-
act the process is called a chemical reaction. For instance, in the reaction
below, A and B are substances that react and are called reactants. As a
result of this chemical reaction, different substances are produced and are
called products. In the chemical reaction below the products are C and D.
     A+B→C+D
or
     6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
In a more realistic reaction, carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water
to form carbohydrate (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). Look familiar? It
might, since it is photosynthesis, the process whereby plants make
carbohydrates.
   The reaction arrow (→) separating the reactants and products merely
shows which way the chemical reaction will proceed. A reaction may
proceed in only one direction or it may be reversible, whereby the reac-
tion will proceed in either direction. A reversible-reaction arrow looks
like you might expect (↔). If there is a number (coefficient) in front of
reacting or produced substances this merely tells us how many molecules
of a substance must react or be produced in order for the chemical reaction
to make sense or to be "balanced."
   In chemical reactions, molecules can react to form new molecules.

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